The board is the official policy-making body of the school district. It is responsible for carrying out the laws and regulations pertaining to the education of students within the district. The board establishes district policy, reviews curriculum and programs of study, approves the hiring of all personnel, and establishes the conditions of employment. The board is also responsible for developing an annual budget for public approval.

The Rockland Board of Education is composed of seven school district residents elected by voters. Each board member is elected to a three-year term. Board members are not financially compensated.